Professor Edwin van Teijlingen Bournemouth University Staff Profile Pages

We found that the third largest auction house represented in these data by sales volume, Edward Foster’s, remarkably scheduled a significant number of its busiest sale days of high-value artworks well into late summer, and even the fall months; by the 1810s, as we have shown, this stands out as an abnormal practice for London auctioneers. This behaviour may be understood as a localized instance of the niche-seeking practice that national markets engaged in on the continental scale. In his broader analysis of international auctions between 1801 and 1820, Christian Huemer has shown that major European art centres appear to have established their own regional auction seasons; England favouring the late spring, France peaking in November, and smaller markets in Belgium and the Netherlands focusing sales in the late summer, when the major markets in London and Paris were largely quiet. Huemer posits that this time-shifting was born of necessity, allowing agents to attend all the year’s important sales without having to be in two places at once.38 It is possible that Edward Foster found similar success in offering some significant sales in the London off-season as a supplement to its regular offerings at the height of the early summer auction season.

• The period with the most completely indexed catalogues falls between 1780 and 1835.
• If advertisements had a better survival rate than auction catalogues, particularly for smaller or lower-end sales, then they may offer a fruitful source for checking the representativeness of the Getty’s auction data at different periods in time.
• The project is collaboration between researchers at the Universities of Sheffield, Bournemouth (Prof. van Teijlingen) and Huddersfield in the UK and the Manmohan Memorial Institute of Health Science and PHASE Nepal in Kathmandu.

Our mixing and storage vessels and stainless steel containers can all be supplied in 316L pharmaceutical grade stainless steel, and the same applies to the product contact parts on our machinery. Abram Fox and Matthew Lincoln, Indexed Transactions Grouped by Type, Proportions of records by auction house in the Getty Provenance Index Sales Catalog Database for paintings auctioned in London, 1780–1835. To request permission to reproduce material from this article, please go to the
Copyright Clearance Center request page. Harries, of Rhodfa Fadog, Cwmrhydyceirw, Morriston , had previously pleaded guilty to two counts of being concerned in the important of prohibited or restricted drugs, and to five counts of possession of a Class C drug with intent to supply when he appeared in the dock for sentencing.

adelphi research steroids

It has been argued that a prime period for art auctions in London in the nineteenth century fell between late May and early June, coinciding with the yearly influx of “Society” from their country houses.3 This was not always the case, however. While previously assumed to be a static influence, close study reveals that the seasonal structure of the art auction market had a history all its own. It has been like the first day
of Harrods’ sale over the past 12 months as the world’s big advertising
names have jostled for a piece of the healthcare action in the UK. WPP,
for example, has swooped on a key London drugs specialist, while the
Lowe Group has acquired two new British companies.

• Grey Healthcare has
  restructured to make London its global hub, Leo Burnett has kicked off a
  new Life Brands arm, and while the others are buying in new expertise,
  McCann-Erickson has been quietly adding weight like a body-builder on
  steroids.
• If you are the author of this article, you do not need to request permission to reproduce figures
  and diagrams provided correct acknowledgement is given.
• The seasonal influence of the Royal Academy exhibition and other Society events on auction schedules was not necessarily a one-way relationship, however.
• Yet there was also a dynamic temporal dimension to the social world of nineteenth-century London.
• One measure of seasonality in the market can be found by considering how tightly or loosely the busiest auction days cluster in a given year.

The project is collaboration between researchers at the Universities of Sheffield, Bournemouth (Prof. van Teijlingen) and Huddersfield in the UK and the Manmohan Memorial Institute of Health Science and PHASE Nepal in Kathmandu. For their assistance in providing crucial data and context, the authors would like to thank Christian Huemer, Ruth Cuadra, and Eric Hormell of the Getty Research Institute, and Royal Academy of Arts archivist Mark Pomeroy. William L. Pressly and Martina Droth provided valuable comments, and the work of Tom Scutt on translating our data visualizations for online presentation is most appreciated.

Professor Edwin van Teijlingen

I am trained as a medical sociologist and I have an interest in mixed-methods research, qualitative research and evaluation research. A large share of my academic work has been in the fields of Public Health, Health Promotion and the Organisation of Maternity Care. I have substantial research experience in conducting large-scale comparative studies, usually applying interdisciplinary and mixed-methods approaches. The recorder told the defendant the only reason he had not sent him straight to prison was the impact such a sentence would have on his children.

If you are the author of this article, you do not need to request permission to reproduce figures
and diagrams provided correct acknowledgement is given. If you want to reproduce the whole article
in a third-party publication (excluding your thesis/dissertation for which permission is not required)
please go to the Copyright Clearance Center request page. I have been involved in evaluating large-scale community-based public-health interventions in Scotland funded by, for example, the Chief Scientist Office (Scottish Government, Edinburgh), the Wellcome Trust, and NHS Health Scotland.

Christie’s, Edward Foster, and Harry Phillips were the three most active houses, by volume, in the data set. The black line annotations mark the starting and ending dates of the Royal Academy exhibition for each year. I am a public health researcher with interest in epidemiology, mixed-methods, maternal health, sexual and reproductive health, mental health, migration health and health services research as a result of working in various projects in different countries. In the past I have worked as a lecturer of public health, public health officer and medical laboratory technologist.

In the early nineteenth century, the majority of Parliament sessions ended after the start of July. This was consistently later in the year than session closing dates in the mid-eighteenth century, when as many ended in April or March as did in June or July.25 The art market, along with https://masterofbling.info the rest of high London society, may still have been gradually adjusting its schedule to Parliament’s new pattern. Abram Fox and Matthew Lincoln, Distribution of Highest-Volume Sales Days, The seven highest-volume sales days per year for three selected auction houses, 1780–1835.

The Temporal Dimensions of the London Art Auction, 1780–1835

Appadurai characterizes these tournaments as periodic events that are as much a way to signal social status as to exchange material goods, and, as such, are socially distinguished from everyday commercial activity.36 Appadurai suggests that it is the sport-like rituals of the auction room that form this distinction, and our analysis demonstrates how the dimension of time is relevant to this interpretation. By fitting their most prestigious auction days into an ever-tighter schedule, houses like Christie’s could concentrate wealth and social cachet within a tightly defined place and time. This was all the more true between 1780 and 1840, when auction rooms were largely filled by retail buyers, and had not yet been dominated by professional dealers buying and selling their own inventories.37 Shortening and intensifying the season for the highest-end auctions not only served a business function, but also enhanced their social import.

Even more intriguing, Christie’s appears to be the strongest driver of this trend towards a tighter schedule. Because Christie’s accounts for 36 percent of the sales records, its auctioneering strategies have a disproportionate effect on measurements of all auctions combined. When disaggregated, Christie’s sales show a much greater increase in seasonal concentration than do sales by other auction houses represented in the data.